至尊奥义书诗节1讲座
1970年4月30日，洛杉矶
圣帕布帕德：（念诵曼陀罗）谁来解释一下？卡然达尔帕布，你能来解释一下么？第一个诗节还是第二诗节。哈瑞奎师那。哪个诗节？
卡然达尔：第二个诗节？
圣帕布帕德：可以，哪个都可以，随你选……无论你的觉悟是什么都可以说出来，你不用看书。Īśāvāsyam idaṁsarvam（《至尊奥义书》曼陀罗1）是的……
卡然达尔：这世上一切有生气无生气的都由奎师那控制，为奎师那所拥有。《博伽梵歌》中说，奎师那有两种能量，parā prakṛti和aparā prakṛti，低等能量和高等能量。低等能量由粗糙元素和精微元素组成，粗糙元素有，土、空气、火、水等，精微能量，或者说精微物质元素是天空……不好意思说错了，是心意、智性和假我。这些组成了aparā prakṛti，或者说主的低等能量。但是生物体，他们是主的高等能量。他们是parā prakṛti；然而，因为他们的幻觉，他们错误的概念，他们努力去主宰主的低等能量。当人觉悟到所有这些能量的源头是谁，谁是拥有者，谁是这些能量的控制者，那么藉着主的仁慈，作为所有这些能量的控制者，这个生物体就能摆脱物质能量影响的蒙蔽，能够重获他作为高等能量天然的原本地位，他能觉悟到各种能量以及他与至尊主奎师那的至尊能量的关系，并在这个觉悟境界中活动。人应该只接受需要赐给他的那一份。永不满足的贪欲，总想获得更多——这种色欲，这种扭曲，这种误解让生物体，parā prakṛti，沉迷低等能量，aparā prakṛti。如果人认识到，万事万物都被至尊主控制，为至尊主所拥有，他并不拥有任何东西，那么他就能放弃“我的”和“我”这错误的概念，并觉悟到至尊主奎师那，他才是控制者，他才是拥有者，从而重获他原本喜乐的状态， sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ（《布茹阿玛赞》5.1）。
圣帕布帕德：为什么生物体是高等能量？有没有人能解释一下？为什么生物体……？好的，请站起来。
奉献者：因为生物体，或者说jīva 灵魂，属于jīva-tattva，堕入了主的能量的范畴。他是……火花……
圣帕布帕德：不，我的问题是为什么生物体被称作高等能量？这是问题。物质元素——土、水、气、火、以太——低等能量；为什么生物体被称作高等能量？谁能解释？你来？好的，请站起来。
奉献者：因为个体生物是至尊主的组成部分与碎片……
圣帕布帕德：组成部分与碎片，物质能量也是组成部分与碎片。因为能量……
奉献者：分开的。物质能量是分开的，而高等能量……
圣帕布帕德：分开的，生物体也是分开的。从这个角度来说。从某个角度来说，没有什么是分开的，但是同时，又都是分开的。但是问题是为什么生物体被称作高等能量？
奉献者：生物体有知觉，物质能量没有。
圣帕布帕德：是的，这也是原因之一。生物体有知觉，而物质能量没有。这是一个原因……你说？
奉献者：生物体还是永恒，不改变的，而物质能量不得不反复变化。
圣帕布帕德：是的，这也是原因。生物体是高等能量最重要的原因是，生物体能够控制物质能量。就像这个庙宇，你们做的所有这些配套物品，这些都是由物质组成的——土、水、火、空气、以太。但是生物体将这些物质按用途重塑了出来。这样就能利用这些物质能量，就像现代科学家，他们就在利用……就像你们美国人，这片美国大地，在你们从欧洲国家过来之前，这是一片荒芜。这里虽然也有人类定居，但是他们无法利用。大师你们用自己的智慧创造了一个非常棒的国家，有工业，有宽敞漂亮的马路。这就是高等能量，生物体可以控制物质能量。《博伽梵歌》中说：yayedaṁ dhāryate jagat（BG7.5）。物质世界的重要性就在于生物体。这个洛杉矶市之所以有价值是因为这里的生物。身体之所以有价值是因为生物体，灵魂在里面。因此它是高等的。但是这种高等被误用了。这就是受物质条件制约的生活。我们受物质条件制约，因为我们比物质高的地位被误用了。为什么说是误用了？我们都忘了，尽管我们相对物质来说是高等能量，但是我们还是从属于神。他忘了这一点。现代文明，他们并不在乎神，因为人们高于物质。他们只是在拼命用不同方式压榨物质。但是他们忘记了我们，无论我们是美国人还是俄国人，中国人还是印度人，我们都从属于神。这是错误的地方。Kṛṣṇa bhuliya jīva bhoga vāñchā kare。他们忘记了奎师那，他们渴望享受这个物质世界。这是他们的疾病。现在我们的职责就是唤醒他们的奎师那知觉，即“你更高等。”这没错。但是你归属于奎师那。你不能享乐，但是你可以……正如我们装饰这个庙宇并不是为了我们的感官享乐。我们的学生和普通人有什么差别？他们也把他们的公寓装饰的非常漂亮。我们做的也是同样的事。但是目的不一样。我们做的事情是一样的，但是目的不一样。我们所做的这一切都是为了奎师那，而他们所做的是为了他们自己……所以我们高等的地方就在于，无论我是在装饰我自己的公寓，还是我在装饰这个庙宇，我之所以高等是因为我可以根据自己的目的来使用物质。但是当我使用物质的时候，他在用他的智慧将这些物质为奎师那服务，那么他的人生就是成功圆满的。高等智慧应该用来为奎师那服务。Kṛṣṇārthe akhila-ceṣṭā。那么你的人生就成功圆满了。同样的高能能量，如果你用于你自己的感官享乐，那么你就会深陷物质之中，焦虑不安。那么你就不得不更换身体，一个接一个。如此往复。
最高等的至尊控制者是奎师那，无论是相对低等能量还是高等能量。这就是事实。高等能量意味着我们可以控制物质世界。并不是完全控制。那也是受条件制约的。但是我们还是对这个物质世界有一些控制。但是奎师那还控制着我们。我们无法完全做到想做什么就做什么。就像我们用智慧制造出了这个麦克风。就像你们美国人，你们制造除了这么多好东西，为什么其他人，他们造不出来？什么原因？你们也是高等能量，但是在你之前，红色印度，他们也是高等能量。动物，也是高等能量。比如，乳牛，这也是生物体，高等能量，一个人类，他也是生物体，高等能量。但是人类却在把乳牛送去屠宰场。就是这么绝望，人类就是有力量。为什么会有这样的差别？为什么会有这样的差别？差别就是因为至尊的控制者，奎师那。奎师那赐予人类更高的智慧，更高的智慧……在《博伽梵歌》中，第十五章第十五诗节，你可以看到，sarvasya cāhaṁ hṛdi sanniviṣṭo（BG15.15）：“我居于众生心中。” Mattaḥ smṛtirjñānam apohanaṁ ca。“记忆遗忘都由于我。”因此，是高等能量给予人类形体智慧，“你做这个。”“你做这个”意味着并不是想做什么就做什么。他想做，但是有时候他会忘记，奎师那会提醒他，“你想做这个。你可以做这个。这是个机会。”尽管我已经获得高等智慧，那也是被奎师那控制。如果奎师那给你智慧，那么你可以制造出这个很好的麦克风；不然，你做不到。因此īśāvāsyam idaṁ sarvam。（《至尊奥义书》曼陀罗1）在生活的每一个层面，奎师那都控制着一切。Yatkiñcit jagatyām。整个世界中发生的一切，jagat…… Jagat 的含义是这个世界，也就是正在发生的一切。Tenatyaktena bhuñjīthā。所以我们应该主动接受他至高无上的地位，致接受帕萨旦，无论他仁慈的让我们做什么，“你可要做这个。”“好的，大人。”仅此而已。你不能侵犯别人。这是更高级的控制。但是人们都在侵犯别人；所以他们深陷物质之中，无法自拔。如果他们只接受奎师那赐给的，那么就不会有任何问题。但是如果他们侵犯别人，那就会产生问题。
所以你们要阅读每一个诗节，每一个曼陀罗。只要你有时间，就要阅读要旨，阅读其含义。全部理论都在这里。现在你们都在成长。一定会有很多问题，也会有很多哲学家。但是我们的哲学理论非常坚实完美，那么我们就可以去见世上的任何理论家，任何哲学家。但是你们必须学习。书已经有了，你们也有智慧，指导也给你们了。因为你们在偿还骄傲，有时候我们肯定会遇到反对的因素。如果你无法很好的回答，那就不具备资格。你们每个人都应该学习这个哲学。一旦你们能够，我是说，指导你们自己，或者在面对反对因素的攻击时能够落于不败之地，那时候你就知道你已经进步了。不然……当然，奉爱生活有不同阶段。但是就我们而言，我们必须去传教。这是奉爱生活的第二个境界。在这第二个境界中，并不是只爱神，而是还要与那些爱神的奉献者交朋友。这就是协会。我们的协会就是由奉献者组成的。我们不仅要练习如何爱神，我们还要交朋友，爱奉献者。而对于那些无知之人，那些不知道奎师那是什么的人，我们应该去教导他们。而对于那些无神论者，反对神的人，我们敬而远之。这就是第二个境界。而在最高的境界中，当然……他是至尊天鹅。所以，不要模仿至尊天鹅。那时奉爱生活的非常非常高的境界。即便你已经处在这个最高境界，当你传教的时候，你必须处在第二个境界，这个境界。你们必须从更低的境界中提升到这第二个境界，如果你已经在最高的境界，即便如此为了传教工作，你也要降到第二个境界。所以，传教工作有四个方面。Īśvare tad-adhīneṣu bāliśeṣu dviṣatsu ca：神，奎师那；他的奉献者；无知之人；以及无神论者。我们更关心其中三个：神，奉献者和无知之人。去爱神，与奉献者交朋友，去教导无知之人。对于无神论者，反对神的人，敬而远之。不要和他们说话。否则就是浪费时间。不要和他们说话。那只是浪费时间。正像我说，“哦，请你顶拜。”他也会做。哦，他应该被照顾，他也很进步。但是这也是冒犯之一，念诵圣名十大冒犯之一。对念诵毫无兴趣的人，你不应该费心费力去说服他。仅此而已。就像在医院，特别是战地医院，有许多受伤的士兵涌进来。但是医生会看哪些士兵有生存的希望，然后更照顾这样的士兵。而对于那些马上就要离世的，医生不会怎么照顾。因为那是没用的，他活不成了。同样，对于无神论者，这些无神论者必须受苦。他们必须面对各种各样的死亡形式的神。他们受苦，受苦，受苦，受苦，受苦，总有一天他会理解神，那个时候再向他传教更好。所以你不要指望我们的传教能吸引每一个人。对于奉献者，对于无知之人是有用的。对于无神论者没用。
请努力好好学习哲学，因为你们要去传教。许许多多反对的因素都会冒出来。你们必须要保护自己。你越能保护自己免受反对因素的攻击，你就越进步。你应该知道……这就是测验。这是测验。因为你是传教士，所以你必须测试你自己，看看你是否有进步。不要骄傲：“哦，我已经很……我已经很进步了。”只有当你面对反对因素的时候你的进步才会得到考验。而不是说当反对因素出现的时候，你却说，“哦，让他去和古茹玛哈茹阿佳，或者灵性导师去说。”为什么？教了这么多你学了什么？所以你们都应该非常认真的去学习理解哲学理论。不然，你就不会进步。进步意味着你能够面对反对因素时从容反击。这是必须的。
谢谢大家。唱诵哈瑞奎师那（至此结束）。
Śrī Īśopaniṣad, Mantra 1—Los Angeles, April 30, 1970
Prabhupāda: (chants mantras) Who will explain? Karandhara Prabhu, you will explain? First or second. Hare Kṛṣṇa. (pause) Which one?
Karandhara: Second verse?
Prabhupāda: Yes, any one, if you can... Whatever you have realized, you can say without seeing the book. Īśāvāsyam idaṁsarvam [Īśo mantra 1]. Yes...
Karandhara: Everything animate or inanimate in this world is controlled and owned by Kṛṣṇa. In the Bhagavad-gītā it is described that there are two types of energies of Kṛṣṇa, parā prakṛti and aparā prakṛti, the superior energy and the inferior energy. The inferior energy is made up of the gross elements, earth, air, fire, water, and the subtle energy or the subtle material elements are the sky..., excuse me, mind, intelligence and false ego. These make up the parā prakṛti, or the inferior energy of the Lord. But the living entities, they are the superior energy of the Lord. They are aparā prakṛti; henceforth, due to their illusion, their misconception, they are trying to lord it over the parā prakṛti, uh, uh, aparā prakṛti, the inferior energy of the Lord. And they have become entangled. They have become covered by the gross elements. So when one is realizing who the source of the energies, of all these energies are..., who are the proprietor, who are the controller of the energy, then by the Lord's mercy, the Lord being the controller of all these energies, that entity can become free from the covering, from the influence of the material energy, and can resume his natural constitutional position as superior energy and function on that platform in realization of both energies and his relationship with the supreme energy of the Supreme Lord, Kṛṣṇa. One should not..., one should only accept that which is set aside for him that which is needed. The lusty desire to gain more, for acquiring more—this lust, this perversion, this misunderstanding is exactly what enamors the living entity, parā prakṛti, in the inferior energy, aparā prakṛti.So when one can come to this understanding, that everything is controlled, everything is owned by the Supreme Lord, and that he has no proprietorship, then he can give up this false (conception) of "mine" and "I" and realize that the Supreme Lord, Kṛṣṇa, He is the controller, He is the owner, and can once again regain his natural, blissful state, sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ [Bs. 5.1].
Prabhupāda: Why a living entity is superior energy? Can anyone explain? Why living...? Yes? Stand up.
Devotee: Well, it is stated that the living entity, or the jīva soul, belongs to the jīva-tattva, that categoristic..., falls into that categoristic of the Lord's energy. He is... Spark...
Prabhupāda: No, the question is why the living entity is called superior energy? That is the question. The material, matter—earth, water, air, fire, sky—the inferior energy; and why the living is called superior energy? Who can explain? Yes? Stand up.
Devotee: Well, the individual living entities are all part and parcel of the Supreme Lord...
Prabhupāda: The part and parcel, this material energy also, part and parcel. Because energy...
Devotee: It's separated. Material energy's separated, whereas the superior energy...
Prabhupāda: Separated, and this also, living entities also separated. In this sense. One sense, nothing is separated; but at the same time, separated. But the question is why the living entity's called superior energy?
Devotee: The living entities are conscious and the material energy's not.
Prabhupāda: Yes, that is also one of the reasons. Living entity's conscious, whereas the material energy is not conscious. This is one of the... Yes?
Devotee: The living entity is also eternal, unchanging, whereas the material energy is subject to change repeatedly.
Prabhupāda: Yes, that is also. And the most important is that living entity is superior in this sense, that the living entity can control over the material energy. Just like in this temple, all this paraphernalia which you have got, this is made of matter—earth, water, fire, water, and fire, air. But the living entity has molded for this purpose. And it can utilize the material energy, just like modern scientists, they are utilizing... Just like you American people, this land of America, before your coming from European countries, it was vacant land. The people who lived here, they could not utilize. But you have developed by your intelligence a very nice country with industry, with nice roads. So this is superior energy, that the living entity can have some control over the material energy. That is explained in the Bhagavad-gītā: yayedaṁ dhāryate jagat [Bg. 7.5]. The, the importance of this material world is due to the living entities. This Los Angeles City is valuable so long the living entities are there. The body's valuable so long the living entity, soul, is there. Therefore it is superior. But that superiority is being misused. That is conditioned life. We are conditioned because our superior position than the matter, we are misusing. How we are misusing? We have forgotten that, although I am superior energy than the matter, but still, I am subordinate to God. That he is forgetting. The modern civilization, they do not care for God because people are superior than matter. They are simply trying to exploit matter in different way. But they are forgetting that we, either we may be American or Russian or China or India, we are all subordinate to God. This is the mistake. Kṛṣṇa bhuliya jīva bhoga vāñchā kare. They have forgotten Kṛṣṇa, and they want to enjoy this material world. This is their disease. Now our duty is to invoke their Kṛṣṇa consciousness, that "You are superior." That's all right. But you are subordinate to Kṛṣṇa. You cannot enjoy, but you can... Just like we have decorated this temple not for our sense gratification. What is the difference between our students and ordinary man? They are also decorating their apartment very nicely. We are also doing the same. But the purpose is different. We are doing the same, but the purpose is different. We are doing it for Kṛṣṇa, and they are doing their for their... So our superiority is that either I am trying for decorating my personal apartment, I am trying to decorate this temple—my superiority is there because I am utilizing matter for my purpose. But when it is utilized, his intelligence is applied to utilized this matter for Kṛṣṇa, then his life is successful. The superior intelligence should be utilized for the benefit of Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇārthe akhila-ceṣṭā. Then your life is successful. Then the same superior energy, if you apply it for your sense gratification, you'll be entangled and anxiety. And then you'll have to change your body, one after another. That is going on.
So the superior, supreme controller, is Kṛṣṇa, either on this inferior energy or superior energy. That is going on. So superior energy means that we can control over the material world. Not completely. That is also under condition. But we have got some control over this material world. But Kṛṣṇa has control over us also. We cannot do anything out of our own whims. Just like we are manufacturing this nice microphone with intelligence. Just like you American people, you are manufacturing so many nice things, and why other people, they cannot manufacture? What is the reason? You are also superior energy, and before you, the Red Indians, they are also superior energy. The animal, he's also superior energy. The cow, for example, that is also living entity, superior energy, and a man, he's also living entity, superior energy. But the man is sending the cow to the slaughterhouse. It is helpless, and the man is powerful. How this distinction? How this distinction? That distinction is due to the superior controller,Kṛṣṇa. Kṛṣṇa has given man superior intelligence, superior intelligence... In the Bhagavad-gītā, Fifteenth Chapter, fifteenth verse, you'll find that sarvasya cāhaṁ hṛdi sanniviṣṭo: [Bg. 15.15] "I am sitting within the heart of everyone." Mattaḥ smṛtirjñānam apohanaṁ ca. "One can memorize or forget on account of Me." Therefore the superior energy is giving intelligence to the human form of body that "You do this." "You do this" means not whimsically. He wanted to do it, but sometimes he forgets, and Kṛṣṇa reminds, "You wanted to do this. You can do this. Here is an opportunity." So although I have got superior intelligence, that is also controlled by Kṛṣṇa. If Kṛṣṇa gives you intelligence, then you can manufacture this nice microphone; otherwise, you cannot. Therefore īśāvāsyam idaṁ sarvam [Īśo mantra 1]. In every sphere of life, there is control of Kṛṣṇa. Yatkiñcit jagatyām. Anything which is going on within this world, jagat... Jagat means this world, which is making progress. Tenatyaktena bhuñjīthā. Therefore we shall have to voluntarily accept His superiority and accept only prasādam, whatever He kindly allows, "You can take this." "All right, Sir." That's all. You cannot encroach upon others. That is superior control. But the people are encroaching; therefore they are becoming entangled. If they accept what is offered by Kṛṣṇa, then there is no trouble. But if they encroach, then there is trouble.
So you read every śloka, every mantra. Whenever you get time, you read the purport, you read the meaning. The whole philosophy is there. Now you are growing. There will be so many questions, so many philosophers. But our philosophy is so sound and solid, that we can meet any philosopher of the world, any philosopher. But you have to learn it. The books are there, your intelligence is there, the guidance is there. Because you are preaching, sometimes we have to meet opposing elements. So if you cannot answer properly, that will be disqualification. So every one of you should learn this philosophy. As soon as you are able to, I mean to say, guide yourself, or save yourself from the attack of the opposing element, then you'll know that you are making progress. Otherwise... Of course, there are different stages of devotional life. But so far we are concerned, we have to preach. That is the second platform of devotional life. In the second platform, not only to love God, but to make friendship with devotees who is loving God. That is society. Our Society is devotees. We should not only practice to love God, but we should make friendship and love the devotees also. And then those who are innocent, those who do not understand what is Kṛṣṇa, we shall preach. And those who are atheist, against God, we shall avoid. So this is second stage. And on the highest stage, of course, there is no... He is paramahaṁsa. So that, don't try to imitate paramahaṁsa. That is very topmost stage of devotional life. Even if you are on this topmost stage, when you are preacher you have come to the second platform, this stage. So you have to raise yourself from the lower stage to the second stage, and if you are in the highest stage, even then you have come to the second stage for preaching work. So preaching work, four vision. Īśvare tad-adhīneṣu bāliśeṣu dviṣatsu ca: God, Kṛṣṇa; His devotee; innocent; and the atheist. So we are concerned with three: with God, the devotees and the innocent. To love God, to make friendship with devotees and to teach the innocent. And those who are atheist, against God, avoid. Don't talk. Useless waste of time. Whatever he wants: "All right, sir, you are very great." That's all right. Don't talk with them. Simply waste of time. But if one is inquisitive... Just like this child, he wants to learn. As I say, "Oh, offer your obeisances," he does it. Oh, he should be taken care, very much developed. But that is also one of the offenses, out of the ten offenses. One who is disinclined to understand what is this chanting, you should not bother yourself to convince him. That's all. Just like in hospital, especially in, in the warfield, there are many wounded soldiers are coming. But the doctors see that the soldier which has got the chance of living, take care more for them. And the soldier which is immediately going to die, they do not take care much. Because it is useless; he'll not live. Similarly the atheist, the atheist will have to suffer. They'll have to meet God in the form of death in so many ways. So by suffering, suffering, suffering, suffering, suffering, when a day will come that he'll understand God, at that time, preaching to him is better. So you do not expect that our preaching will be appeal to everyone. It will be useful for the devotees, for the innocent. Not for the atheist.
So try to understand the philosophy very nicely, because you are going to preach. So many opposing elements will come. So you have to defend yourself. The more you can defend yourself from the opposing elements, the more you are advancing. You should know... That is the test. That is the test. Because you are preacher, so you have to test yourself, how you are making advance. Don't be self-complacent: "Oh, I am very..., I have advanced very much." Your advancement will be tested when you can meet opposing elements. Not that when the opposing elements come, "Oh, let him talk with Guru Mahārāja, or spiritual master." Why? What for you are being taught? So you should be very careful to understand the philosophy. Otherwise, you are not making progress. Progress means you shall defend yourself from the opposing elements. That is required.
Thank you. Chant Hare Kṛṣṇa. (end)